Abstract
From Editor’s Desk…..

As monsoon season intensifies, europe is currently experiencing a moderate resurgence of COVID-19 cases, primarily driven by the Omicron subvariant BA.2.86.2, with hospital admissions increasing by 18% in mid-June 2025 compared to the previous month. The elderly and individuals with underlying health conditions are the most affected, though widespread prior immunity has kept severe cases relatively low. The World Health Organization has emphasized the need for heightened precautions, particularly in long-term care facilities, to protect vulnerable populations. Governments across the region are actively promoting updated booster vaccinations for high-risk groups ahead of the autumn season to mitigate the risk of further escalation.

In South Sudan, a significant Hepatitis E outbreak is impacting internally displaced communities, particularly in overcrowded refugee camps. As of 2025, over 2,200 suspected cases and 24 confirmed deaths have been reported, with pregnant women facing the highest risk of severe outcomes. The Ministry of Health, in partnership with the WHO, is implementing urgent measures, including improved sanitation and hygiene initiatives to address the outbreak’s root causes. Additionally, plans for targeted vaccination campaigns are underway to curb the spread in these high-risk areas, aiming to reduce mortality and prevent further transmission.

Japan is grappling with an unprecedented surge in norovirus infections, recording over 96,000 cases in the first six months of 2025, the highest in recent years. Outbreaks have been reported in schools, care homes, and food service establishments, driven by relaxed public health restrictions and increased social interactions post-pandemic. Public health authorities are intensifying efforts to promote hand hygiene and rigorous surface sanitation to limit the virus’s spread. These concurrent global outbreaks underscore the ongoing challenges of infectious disease control, emphasizing the critical role of robust surveillance, public awareness, and adaptable vaccination strategies in managing these evolving health threats.

Dr.Khalid Mohammed Alabdulwahhab
Editor in Chief