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Review Article 


Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review

Dewi Nopiska Lilis, Rosalinna, Rika Hairunisyah.


Abstract
Several studies have investigated the importance of maternal, fetal factors and intrapartum characteristics in predicting severe perineal lacerations. The purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate on research regarding risk factors for perineal injury. We reviewed PubMed, Science-Direct, Cochrane Library, and Medline for published studies in the field for observational studies. Two researchers independently assessed the included studies and documented outcomes. Data extraction was performed using a modified data form. Twenty-nine articles were selected for inclusion in the present systematic review. Several factors contribute to the development of severe perineal injury. The most common risk factor investigated was parity, episiotomy, birth weight, maternal age, prolonged 2nd stage of labor, head circumference, and instrumental deliveries. The present systematic review presents accumulated data that may help birth attendant estimate risks and provide appropriate
intervention.

Key words: Perineal injury, Child-birth, Delivery.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Lilis DN, Rosalinna , Hairunisyah R. Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2024; 12(3): 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013

Web Style

Lilis DN, Rosalinna , Hairunisyah R. Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. https://www.mjhs-mu.org/?mno=182115 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lilis DN, Rosalinna , Hairunisyah R. Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2024; 12(3): 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lilis DN, Rosalinna , Hairunisyah R. Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah J Heal Sci. (2024), [cited June 27, 2026]; 12(3): 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


Harvard Style

Lilis, D. N., Rosalinna, . & Hairunisyah, . R. (2024) Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah J Heal Sci, 12 (3), 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


Turabian Style

Lilis, Dewi Nopiska, Rosalinna, and Rika Hairunisyah. 2024. Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 12 (3), 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


Chicago Style

Lilis, Dewi Nopiska, Rosalinna, and Rika Hairunisyah. "Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12 (2024), 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lilis, Dewi Nopiska, Rosalinna, and Rika Hairunisyah. "Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12.3 (2024), 150-165. Print. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Lilis, D. N., Rosalinna, . & Hairunisyah, . R. (2024) Risk Factors For Perineal Injury: A Systematic Review. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 12 (3), 150-165. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.03.013




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