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Original Article 


Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia

Majid A. Al-eissa, Jude N. Abanmi, Deamah I. Alabdulkareem, Nahlaa A.alkhowaiter, Norah I. Alhadlq, Maha J. Alhamdan F Basel A. Dahlawi, Hassan N. Saleheen, Norah H. Alhowaish.


Abstract
Background and Aims:
Child maltreatment is a major global public health concern. Non-accidental visceral injury (NAVI) is a type of injury that is deliberately inflicted on the human body, resulting in injury to internal organs, which is considered child abuse. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of NAVI and determine the characteristics of non-accidental injuries among children in Saudi Arabia (SA).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the National Family Safety Registry (NFSR), which consists of 62 child-protection centres among health sector in SA. A total of 30 children with NAVIs were registered in the NFSR from April 2017 to March 2022.

Results:
The children mean age was 6.5±4.7 years.There was a sharp increase in NAVI cases over the five-year period, particularly after 2020, from two cases per year in 2017 to nine cases in 2021. NAVI predominantly affected children aged 5-10 years (40.1%). Lung injury was the most common form of NAVI, accounting for 23.3% of the cases. As a consequence of NAVI, 2 of the victims has died and 7 of them had deteriorated health status.

Conclusions:
NAVI in children in SA is a significant problem. This study provides important information on the socio-demographic characteristics and injury patterns of children with NAVI. This information can help develop prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of NAVI among children in SA.

Key words: Child maltreatment, Non-accidental-visceral injuries, National Family Safety Registry, physical abuse, violence.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Al-eissa MA, Abanmi JN, Alabdulkareem DI, A.alkhowaiter N, Alhadlq NI, , Saleheen HN, Alhowaish NH. Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2024; 12(4): 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005

Web Style

Al-eissa MA, Abanmi JN, Alabdulkareem DI, A.alkhowaiter N, Alhadlq NI, , Saleheen HN, Alhowaish NH. Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. https://www.mjhs-mu.org/?mno=192224 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Al-eissa MA, Abanmi JN, Alabdulkareem DI, A.alkhowaiter N, Alhadlq NI, , Saleheen HN, Alhowaish NH. Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2024; 12(4): 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Al-eissa MA, Abanmi JN, Alabdulkareem DI, A.alkhowaiter N, Alhadlq NI, , Saleheen HN, Alhowaish NH. Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah J Heal Sci. (2024), [cited June 26, 2026]; 12(4): 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


Harvard Style

Al-eissa, M. A., Abanmi, . J. N., Alabdulkareem, . D. I., A.alkhowaiter, . N., Alhadlq, . N. I., , Saleheen, . H. N. & Alhowaish, . N. H. (2024) Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah J Heal Sci, 12 (4), 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


Turabian Style

Al-eissa, Majid A., Jude N. Abanmi, Deamah I. Alabdulkareem, Nahlaa A.alkhowaiter, Norah I. Alhadlq, Maha J. Alhamdan F Basel A. Dahlawi, Hassan N. Saleheen, and Norah H. Alhowaish. 2024. Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 12 (4), 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


Chicago Style

Al-eissa, Majid A., Jude N. Abanmi, Deamah I. Alabdulkareem, Nahlaa A.alkhowaiter, Norah I. Alhadlq, Maha J. Alhamdan F Basel A. Dahlawi, Hassan N. Saleheen, and Norah H. Alhowaish. "Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12 (2024), 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Al-eissa, Majid A., Jude N. Abanmi, Deamah I. Alabdulkareem, Nahlaa A.alkhowaiter, Norah I. Alhadlq, Maha J. Alhamdan F Basel A. Dahlawi, Hassan N. Saleheen, and Norah H. Alhowaish. "Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 12.4 (2024), 36-49. Print. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Al-eissa, M. A., Abanmi, . J. N., Alabdulkareem, . D. I., A.alkhowaiter, . N., Alhadlq, . N. I., , Saleheen, . H. N. & Alhowaish, . N. H. (2024) Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-accidental Visceral Injuries Among Children: Five Years’ Experience of National Data in Saudi Arabia. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 12 (4), 36-49. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2024.04.005




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