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Title Page

Original Article 


Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani.

Abstract
Background and Aims:
Heart disease is a global health concern, with risk factors such as age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking playing a major role in its development. The study aims to examine the impact of smoking on heart disease risk, particularly in underweight individuals, and to assess how other factors such as age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels can modify this risk.

Methods:
This study uses a cross-sectional approach and employs Python libraries such as Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scipy to analyze data. The relationship between smoking and heart disease in different Body Mass Index (BMI) groups was investigated using a chi-square test.

Results:
The results of the study suggest that smoking is a major contributor to the risk of heart disease or heart attack, regardless of body mass index (BMI). The findings emphasize the need for individuals to quit smoking in order to reduce their risk of heart disease or attack, particularly for those who are underweight.

Conclusions:
The results have implications for public health and healthcare systems and may require increased efforts to promote healthy lifestyle habits that maintain a normal BMI.

Key words: Smoking, Body Mass Index, Heart diseases, Diabetes, Hypertension, High cholesterol


 
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Pubmed Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2023; 11(3): 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003

Web Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. https://www.mjhs-mu.org/?mno=143788 [Access: December 05, 2023]. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah J Heal Sci. 2023; 11(3): 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah J Heal Sci. (2023), [cited December 05, 2023]; 11(3): 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


Harvard Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani (2023) Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah J Heal Sci, 11 (3), 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


Turabian Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. 2023. Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 11 (3), 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


Chicago Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. "Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 11 (2023), 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani. "Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 11.3 (2023), 12-22. Print. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Saeed Awad M Alqahtani (2023) Evaluating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Smoking’s Modifying Role. Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, 11 (3), 12-22. doi:10.5455/mjhs.2023.03.003




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